Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment Care

What tests are done to detect if someone has diabetes before that person starts showing symptoms of it?

I have been losing weight but I have alot of fat sagging what kind of excercise should I use to help get rid of the fat. I have high blood presure and diabetes as well as high cholesteral what should I do?

For instance, we still don’t know the exact cause of type 1 diabetes; is there anything else you can think of?

My fiance and I both would like to have a baby, except that my Blood Sugar Levels are still fairly high, My last HBA1C was about 9.1.
I would like to know what are some ways of getting my Diabetes under better control faster, so that I can have a better pregnancy and by not putting the baby at so much risk?

Or any trans-dermal methods of insulin delivery that do not require needles? Son has CF related diabetes. At present he only needs 1 injection of 24 hour Lantus insulin. In the future, perhaps soon, he may need the regular injections every time he eats and the more frequent testing. Is there any new stuff out there, aside from the pump, that could make this less painful?